13 Genre of Text in English, contoh dan soal

13 GENRE OF TEXT IN ENGLISH

BESERTA CONTOH TEXT DAN SOAL-SOAL

1)       NARRATIVE TEXT

·         Purpose : To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell the story

·         Generic structure: 1) Orientation

                             2) Complication

                              3) Resolution

                             4) Reorientation

·         Example :                                          “CINDERELLA”

 Once upon a time there lived a girl called Cinderella. she was happy live with her father and mother. until her mother died dead and her father had married a widow with two daughters. Her stepmother didn’t like her one little bit. But, for the poor unhappy girl, there was nothing at all. Her stepmother has two daughters and they were very bossy. No rest and no comfort. She had to work hard all day. Only when evening came was she allowed to sit for a while by the fire, near the cinders. That’s why everybody called her Cinderella. Cinderella used to spend long hours all alone talking to the cat. The cat always said, “Miaow“, which really meant, “Cheer up! You have something neither of your stepsisters has and that is beauty.” It was quite true. Cinderella, even dressed in old rags, was a lovely girl. While her stepsisters, no matter how splendid and elegant their clothes, were still clumsy, lumpy and ugly and always would be. One day, beautiful new dresses arrived at the house. A ball was to be held at the palace and the stepsisters were getting ready to go. Cinderella didn’t even dare ask if she could go too. She knew very well what the answer would be: “You? You’re staying at home to wash the dishes, scrub the floors and turn down the beds for your stepsisters.” They will come home tired and very sleepy. Cinderella sighed, “Oh dear, I’m so unhappy!” and the cat murmured “Miaow.” Suddenly something amazing happened. As Cinderella was sitting all alone, there was a burst of light and a fairy appeared. “Don’t be alarmed, Cinderella,” said the fairy. “I know you would love to go to the ball. And so you shall!” “How can I, dressed in rags?” Cinderella replied.  The fairy smiled. With a flick of her magic wand Cinderella found herself wearing the most beautiful dress she had ever seen. “Now for your coach,” said the fairy; “A real lady would never go to a ball on foot! Quick! Get me a pumpkin!” “Oh of course,” said Cinderella, rushing away. Then the fairy turned to the cat. “You, bring me seven mice, and, remember they must be alive!” Cinderella soon returned with the pumpkin and the cat with seven mice he had caught in the cellar. With a flick of the magic wand the pumpkin turned into a sparkling coach and the mice became six white horses, while the seventh mouse turned into a coachman in a smart uniform and carrying a whip. Cinderella could hardly believe her eyes. “You shall go to the ball Cinderella. But remember! You must leave at midnight. That is when my spell ends. Your coach will turn back into a pumpkin and the horses will become mice again. You will be dressed in rags and wearing clogs instead of these glass slippers! Do you understand?” Cinderella smiled and said, “Yes, I understand!” Cinderella had a wonderful time at the ball until she heard the first stroke of midnight! She remembered what the fairy had said, and without a word of goodbye she slipped from the Prince’s arms and ran down the steps. As she ran she lost one of her slippers, but not for a moment did she dream of stopping to pick it up! If the last stroke of midnight were to sound… oh… what a disaster that would be! Out she fled and vanished into the night. The Prince, who was now madly in love with her, picked up the slipper and said to his ministers, “Go and search everywhere for the girl whose foot this slipper fits. I will never be content until I find her!” So the ministers tried the slipper on the foot of every girl in the land until only Cinderella was left. Suddenly the fairy appeared and waved her magic wand. In a flash, Cinderella appeared in a splendid dress, shining with youth and beauty. Her stepmother and stepsisters gaped at her in amazement, and the ministers said, “Come with us Cinderella! The Prince is waiting for you.“ So Cinderella married the Prince and lived happily ever.

2)RECOUNT TEXT

·         Purpose :To retell somethig that happened in the past and to tell a series of past event

·         Generic structure : 1) Orientation

                                   2 Eevent     

                                   3) Reorientation

·         Example :

Sunday The Terrible Last week was a terrible day for me. My cousin and I were playing football infront of the house to spend time with us . First, it was really fun until I kicked the ball too strong, so the ball leaded me to the window and broke the windo. When we want to escape, all of a sudden we all heard a loud voice. After that, the owner of the house came out of the fence, he yelled at us. We are very afraid of her, but we do not know what to do. Then, one of my cousins told us to run, we all ran, and suddenly we heard the sound of skin. Then we know that homeowners allow dogs to chase us. And we were struggling to run as fast as her as we can. But, I fell down so the dog managed to capture me and bit my leg. It really hurts me. Then the dog ran back into the house. My cousin took me to the doctor and told my parents . In the end, the doctor said that I was exposed to rabies. Then I was hospitalized for one week more. That's a terrible day of the week for me, may not happen to me again in his next week Sunday.

·         Question and Answer:

1. What is the title of the story above ? Sunday The Terrible

2. When was happening? Last Week

3. Why last week was a terrible day for the author? For kicking the ball too strong, so that the ball is kicked into the window and broke the window.

 4. Who is shouting? The owner of the house

 5. What is said to be the cousin of the author? To run

 6. Who is pursuing the author and his friends when run? dog pawnbroker

7. What happens when a dog chasing a homeowner? The dog caught, and biting the author.

 8. Who brought author to the doctor? Cousin

9. What the doctor said at author? The doctors say that the author is exposed to rabies

10. How long author hospitalized? Week

3) PROCEDURE TEXT

·         Purpose : To help readers how to do or make something completely

·         Generic structure : 1) Goal/aim

                                   2) Materials/equipments

                                   3) Steps/methods

·         Example

1.       open the cover of the hand phone

2.       insert the SIM card after being installed

3.       insert the battery inside

4.       close the battery with a cover of the hand phone

5.       connect the lead from the charger to the bottom of the hand phone

6.       connect the charger to an Acwall outlet. Charging the batery supplied with the phene may take four up six hours

7.       when the battery fully charged, the bar stop scrolling disconnect the charger from the AC outlet and the phone.

Then we are ready to make a phone call

·         question and Answer :

1.       the texs describes..........how activate hand phone

2.       “these are the ways .......” the synonym of the underline word is .....steps

3.       The antonym of the bottom word is....the top

·          

4) DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

·         Purpose : To describe a particular person, place or thing in detail

·         Generic structure : 1) Identification

                                   2) Description

·         Example :                                                   MAKASSAR

Makassar is the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and the largest city on Sulawesi Island. From 1971 to 1999, the city was named Ujung Pandang, after a pre-colonial fort in the city, and the two names are often used interchangeably. The port city is located at 5°8′S 119°25′E, on the southwest coast of the island of Sulawesi, facing the Makassar strait. Its area is 175.77 km2 and has population of around 1.4 million. Makassar is home to several prominent landmarks including the 16th century Dutch fort Fort Rotterdam, Trans Studio Makassar the third largest indoor theme park in the world and the Karebosi Link the first underground shopping center in Indonesia. Makassar has several famous traditional foods. The most famous is Coto Makassar. It is a stew made from the mixture of nuts and spices with beef parts which include beef brain, tongue and intestine. Konro rib dish is also popular traditional food in Makassar. Both Coto Makassar and Konro are usually eaten with Burasa, glutinous rice with coconut milk and sauted coconut granule. In addition, Makassar is the home of pisang epe, or pressed bananas. These are bananas which are pressed, grilled, and covered with palm sugar sauce and sometimes eaten with Durian. Many street vendors sell pisang epe, especially around the area of Losari beach.

·         Question and Answer:

1.Where is Makassar located? Makassar is located on South Sulawesi.

2. Based on the text, what is the biggest city on Sulawesi Island? the biggest city on Sulawesi Island is Makassar.

3. What is the old name of Makassar? the old name Makassar is Ujung Pandang.

4. According to the text, what is the first underground shopping center in Indonesia? the first underground shopping center in Indonesia is Karebosi Link.

5. What is the most well-known food in Makassar? the most well-known food in Makassar is Coto Makassar.

5) REPORT TEXT

·         Purpose : To presents information about something as  it is

·         Generic structure : 1) General classification

                                   2) Description

·         Example :                                                  OCTOPUS

The Octopus is an ocean creature with eight effective feet which it utilizes as hands. These are called tentacles or limbs. “Octopus” originates from two words that have meaning “eight feet”. The octopus, the squid and the cuttlefish fit in with the same family that has no outside shells. Their bodies are secured totally with skin. Along these lines the assortment of an octopus is delicate. It would appear that a huge blow up. A completely developed octopus can be as huge as 8,5 meters from the tip of one arms to the tip of another. It can weigh as much as 45 kilograms. Other than utilizing its tentacles or limbs to catch little fish, ocean plants, crab and lobsters, the octopus additionally utilizes them against its adversaries. The octopus wraps its appendages around the exploited person and crushes it before eating it The octopus escapes from its adversaries by giving out a thick dull liquid to obscure the water. It can likewise change the color of its body to match its surroundings. It escapes its enemis by doing this.

·         Question and Answer:

1.Which group of sea creatures belongs to the same family with octopus? cuttlefish and squid

2.How much a fully-grown octopus can weigh? 45 kilograms.

3.How does the octopus look for food? It uses its tentacles.

4.Before the octopus eats its victim, the octopus …………… crushes it

5.How large a fully-grown octopus can be from the tip of one tentacle to the tip of another? 8,5 metres.

6) EXPLANATION TEXT

·         Purpose : To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or     sociocultural phenomena

·         Generic structure :1) General statement

                                  2) Explanation

                                  3) Closing

·         Example:                                              Chocolate

 Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we'll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you're eating. Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree's seeds, also known as cocoa beans. The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It's pure bitter chocolate.

·         Question and Answer

1.The text is about ...  the making of chocolate

2. The third paragraph focuses on ... A. the process of producing chocolate

3. " ..., so they are often sorted and blended to produce ..." (Paragraph 3) The underlined word is close in meaning to ...  separated

4. How does the chocolate maker start to make chocolate? B. By roasting the beans

7) ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT

·         Purpose : To reveal the readers that something is the important case

·         Generic Structure : 1) Thesis

                                   2) Arguments

                                      3) Reiteration/conclusion

·         Example :                           School Uniform, Another Good Lesson

 School uniform is special clothes worn by all students of a particular school. The uniform of a school may differ from others. Why should schools use uniforms? Below are some reasons. First of all, Notre Dame’s Department of Sociology produced a study in 1998 concerning school uniforms. Their findings using 10th grade students showed that uniforms have no direct effect on “substance abuse, behavioral problems or attendance.” It also claimed a negative effect on student achievements for those students considered ‘pro-school’. Secondly, uniform helps to create a strong sense school ethos and a sense of belonging to a particular community. As such it promotes discipline and helps to drive up academic standards, which is why a uniform is often adopted by schools which are being reopened with a fresh start after being classified as failing. Finally, uniform acts as a social leveler, under which all students are equal in the eyes of the school and of each other. In institutions without uniform students are often competitive and worry endlessly about their appearance and the clothes they should wear. Pupils without expensive designer clothes and trainers may be singled out as social outcasts, or stigmatized as being from poor backgrounds. For these reasons many parents prefer uniforms as they save them money on buying clothes for school wear. Considering the findings, schools should implement the uniform as their identity. The government should also publish some kind of rule which makes uniform compulsory for schools.

·         Question and Answer:

1. What is the text about?  The importance of school uniform

2. In institutions without uniform students, one will be regarded poor because he/she ……  wears no expensive designer clothes

3. “As such it promotes discipline and helps to drive up academic standards ………..”(Paragraph 3). What does the underlined word refer? Uniform

4. The last paragraph is about ……….  The writer’s suggestion

5.“……. Substance abuse, behavioral problems or attendance.” (Paragraph 2) The antonym of the underlined word is ……..  Presence

8) HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT

·         Purpose : To persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done

·         Generic Structure : 1) Thesis

                                   2) Arguments

                                      3) Recommendation

·         Example :                Learning English through music and songs is Fun

 Learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyable. You can mix pleasure with learning when you listen to a song and exploit the song as a means to your English progress. Some underlying reason can be drawn to support the idea why we use songs in language learning. Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echoing in our minds of the last song we heard after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls, etc) can be both enjoyable and sometimes unnerving. This phenomenon also seems to reinforce the idea that songs work on our short-and-long term memory. Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot of repetition, which is just what many learners look for sample text. The fact that they are effective makes them many times more motivating than other text. Although usually simple, some songs can be quite complex syntactically, lexically and poetically, and can be analyzed in the same way as any other literary sample. Furthermore, song can be appropriated by listener for their own purpose. Most pop songs and probably many other types don’t have precise people, place or time reference. In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and fun, and encourage harmony within oneself and within one group. Little wonder they are important tools in sustaining culture, religion, patriotism , even revolution. At least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs such as studying grammar, practicing selective listening comprehension, translating songs, learning vocabulary, spelling and culture. So, we should start learning English by a simple way such as through music and songs. And it is can be enjoyable and fun.

·         Questions and Answer :

1. The kind of this text is …  Hortatory exposition

2. The generic structure of the text is …  Thesis, arguments, and recommendation

3. The purpose of the text is …  To persuade the readers to learn English through music and songs

4. Paragraph … tell us about the arguments. 1,2,3,4,5

5. According to the text, which statement is incorrect?  Songs aren’t relaxing

9) DISCUSSION TEXT

·         Purpose : To present information and opinions about issues in more one side of an issue

·         Generic Structure : 1) Issue

      2) Arguments for and againts

      3) Conclusion

·         Example :                                           Family Planning

Most people agree that the family planning programme is desirable for the good of family and society. But individuals and religious groups differ sharply on the methods of birth control that they consider moral and acceptable. Couples that practice birth control do so for various reasons. They may want to limit or space their children, or to have no children at all. Young couples often postpone having children so that both partners can work full-time. Other couples space their children so they can give each as much attention as possible. Some women are advised by their doctor to avoid pregnancy for health reasons. In many countries with rapidly growing populations, the government encourages couples to limit the number of their families. Even thought birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the practice is continuous. Some people fear that birth control encourages sexual outside marriage or that government might impose birth control. Some religious groups oppose birth control on moral grounds. Some religious groups teach that artificial methods of birth control are immoral because they separate the purposes of intercourse in marriage-conjugal love and the procreation of children. Although they oppose all artificial birth control, they consider natural family planning to be acceptable.

·         Question and Answer:

1.Some religious groups refuse to use … birth control because of moral values. B. man-made 2. Paragraph two tells us about …  the reasons why couples do birth control.

3. We learn from the text that … not everybody agrees with the birth control methods.

10) REVIEW TEXT

·         Purpose : To critique or evaluate an art work or event for a public audience

·         Generic structure : 1) Orientation

      2) Evaluation

      3) Interpretative recount

      4) Evaluation

      5)Evaluative summation

·         Example : 2012 Film

2012 is Roland Emmerich's film which uses the Mayan calendar and other endof-days prophecies for their doomsday scenario. It images the world coming to an end in 2012. 2012 film brings off a series of wonders. The movie hits its peak early on. It starts when Cussack drives a limo through the streets of Los Angeles as freeways and skyscrapers crumble all round him from the shock of a 10.5 R.S. earthquake. The preposterous flying sequence is equally thrilling. The climax occurs aboard the giant ark, when an equipment malfunction threatens almost the entire mission. Unfortunately, the crucial sequence is not filmed or edited with the necessary clarity. In 2012 film, Emmerich leaves us confused as to exactly what is happening to whom. However, Emmerich' 2012 deserves credit for casting Cussack. McCarthy has perhaps his best role ever as Peet's cocky. Danny Glover lends dignity to the role of the president. Chiwetel Ejiofor, as the chief scientist, brings a moving sense of anguish to a stock role. Piatt has fun playing the villain of the piece, and Woody Harrelson also chews the scenery as a bugeyed radio prophet trying to warm his listeners about Armagedon. All in one, 2012's cinematography, production design and visual effects are awards-worthy. Music also propels the movie. It presents American Idol runner-up. Adam Lambert, who provides a rousing anthem over the end credits.

·         Question and Answer :

1. The film 2012 comes to the climax when .... an equipment malfunction threatens the mission

2. The Maya calendar predicts that ....  the doomsday will happen in

3. Based on the text, we know that .... Cussack plays a character in 2012 film

11) ANECDOTE TEXT

·         Purpose : To share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident

·         Generic structure : 1) Abstract

      2) Orientation

      3) Crisis

      4) Reaction

      5) Coda

·         Example : I am from a big family. I have two aunts and one uncle whose houses are so far from mine. I am the oldest child and have three brothers and one sister. I make many friends and love them very much. Everyday, after school, as village children, we gather together in our village’s playing field. In there, we can play football, play kites, play the “go back through the door” game, marbles game, and some other village children’s games. We are very closed friends. One day, Thinky, my cousin, said, “Hi friends, you know that my father is a clever farmer. He had created scarecrow that made the birds never approach our paddy-field anymore. They just watched it from three miles away. They didn’t dare to pick even a grain of rice,” he boasted. “That’s great,” said one of my friends. “That’s nothing,” said Pinky, a big talk friend, too. “My father had created a so big-talk created a so big-dark scarecrow that the birds returned all of rice they had picked some days ago.”

·         Question and Answer:

1.how many aunt the writer? Two aunt

2. what the father job? A farmer

12) SPOOF TEXT

·         Purpose : To tell an event with a humorous twist and entertain the readers

·         Generic Structure : 1) Orientation

      2) Event(s)

      3) Twist

·         Example :                                 The Blonde and the Lawyer

A blonde and a lawyer are seated next to each other on a flight from LA to NY. The lawyer asks if she would like to play a fun game. The blonde, tired, just wants to take a nap, politely declines and rolls over to the window to catch a few winks. The lawyer persists and explains that the game is easy and a lot of fun. He explains, "I ask you a question, and if you don't know the answer, you pay me $5.00, and vise versa." Again, she declines and tries to get some sleep. The lawyer, now agitated, says, "Okay, if you don't know the answer you pay me $5.00, and if I don't know the answer, I will pay you $500.00." This catches the blonde's attention and, figuring there will be no end to this torment unless she plays, agrees to the game. The lawyer asks the first question. "What's the distance from the earth to the moon?" The blonde doesn't say a word, reaches into her purse, pulls out a $5.00 bill and hands it to the lawyer. "Okay" says the lawyer, "your turn." She asks the lawyer, "What goes up a hill with three legs and comes down with four legs?" The lawyer, puzzled, takes out his laptop computer and searches all his references, no answer. He taps into the air phone with his modem and searches the net and the library of congress, no answer. Frustrated, he sends e-mails to all his friends and coworkers, to no avail. After an hour, he wakes the blonde, and hands her $500.00. The blonde says, "Thank you", and turns back to get some more sleep. The lawyer, who is more than a little miffed, wakes the blonde and asks, "Well, what's the answer?" Without a word, the blonde reaches into her purse, hands the lawyer $5.00, and goes back to sleep.

·         Question and Answer:

1.The story tells us about … A lawyer who played a game with a blonde.

2.What did the lawyer want to play with the blonde? guessing game

3.What was the rule of the game finally? If the blonde could not answer the question, she should pay $5.00. If the lawyer could not answer her question, he should pay $500.00. 4.How much money did the blonde benefit from the game? $490.00

5.Who was cleverer, the blonde or the lawyer? a.the blonde

6.The word “miffed’ in the last paragraph has the similar meaning to… angry

13) NEWS ITEM TEXT

·         Purpose : to inform readers about events of the dy which are considered newsworthy or important

·         Generic structure : 1) Newsworthy event

      2) Background events

      3) Sources

·         Example: Wade withdraws from U.S. basketball team

 (Reuters) - Miami Heat guard Dwyane Wade withdrew his name from the player pool for the U.S. Olympic basketball team on Thursday because his injured left knee will require surgery, USA Basketball said. After receiving the diagnosis from the Heat team physician, the All-Star guard, who helped Miami win the NBA title in five games over the Oklahoma City Thunder, informed USA Basketball chairman Jerry Colangelo that he was having the surgery soon and would be unable to compete in London. "As many people may know, throughout the season, I struggled with a recurring knee issue," Wade said in a statement. "After the championship game, I visited with my doctors for a round of comprehensive medical tests, and the recent results dictate the need for surgery. "While every part of me wants to be in London, I need to take this time to do what's best to improve my health and allow me to continue to play the game I love." Wade was the U.S. team's leading scorer in their run to 2008 Olympic gold in Beijing, scoring a game-high 27 points as the Americans beat Spain 118-107 in the Olympic final. Despite having his knee drained during the NBA playoffs, Wade averaged over 22 points a game during Miami's championship series triumph over the Thunder. Wade's exit from the U.S. squad left 17 players in the mix for 12 spots on the Olympic team following injuries that removed several players from consideration, including Derrick Rose of the Chicago Bulls and Dwight Howard of the Orlando Magic.

·         Question and Answer :

1.Why can’t Wade play for us basketball team? His injured left knee requires surgery

2. Based on the text, Dwyane Wade…. was the leading scorer for the U.S. team in Beijing Olympic games

3. What is the main idea of paragraph 3? The doctors suggested Wade recovers his knee by surgery